When we want to express entities, we say their names: Ahmet, pencil, table, flower, etc.
We sometimes express the sentence "Hasan took the pen." by using different words instead of the entity, for example "Hasan took it." When we say "Hasan took it", we understand that the word "it" is used instead of the word "pen". In this way, words used instead of nouns are called pronouns.
Person (Personal) Pronouns
Words that take the place of a human name are called personal pronouns. There are six personal pronouns, three singular and three plural:
1. tekil kişi → ben ---------- 1st person singular → me
2. tekil kişi → sen ---------- 2nd person singular → you
3. tekil kişi → o --------- 3rd person singular → he/she
1. çoğul kişi → biz ------- 1st person plural → we
2. çoğul kişi → siz ------- 2nd person plural → you
3. çoğul kişi → onlar ------ 3rd person plural → they
Pronouns can take noun inflectional suffixes. For this reason, personal pronouns may appear with inflectional suffixes.
Examples
» Pikniğe sadece Enes katılmadı. → Pikniğe sadece o katılmadı.
Enes wasn't the only one at the picnic. → He wasn't the only one at the picnic.
» Benim taşıdığım kutu çok ağır, senin taşıdığın kutu çok hafif.
The box I carry is very heavy, the box you carry is very light.
» Annem bana hediye almış.
My mom bought me a present.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Words used to indicate entities without naming them are called demonstrative pronouns.
Examples
» Şunları arkadaşlarım için alayım.
I'll take these for my friends.
» Ahmet Beyler buraya on yıl önce taşınmış.
Mr. Ahmet moved here ten years ago.
» Size ait olan kitaplar orada.
Your books are there.
» Bu, yapılacak işlerin listesi.
This is a list of things to do.
Indefinite Pronouns
Words that are used in place of entities, but it is not clear which entity they are used in place of, are called indefinite pronouns. The words "some, someone, some, all, everyone, nobody, many, a few, thing, etc. -- Bazıları, biri, kimi, hepsi, herkes, kimse, birçoğu, birkaçı, şey vb. " are indefinite pronouns.
Examples
Testteki sorulardan birkaçı çok kolaydı.
A few of the questions on the test were very easy.
» Olanları kimse anlamıyordu.
No one understood what was happening.
» Biri telefonuma çağrı bırakmış.
Someone paged my cell phone.
Interrogative Pronouns
Words that replace nouns with questions are called interrogative pronouns. The words "what, who, whom, which, which, how many, where, where, where from, etc. -- Ne, kim, kimi, hangisi, kaçı, nereye, nerede, nereden vb " are interrogative pronouns.
Examples
» Dolaptaki karpuzu kim yedi?
Who ate the watermelon in the fridge?
» Marketten neler aldınız?
What did you buy at the market?
» Bu saate kadar nerede kaldın?
Where did you stay until this time?
Possessive Pronouns
As suffixes, they indicate the person to whom the noun belongs. These are also possessive suffixes.
1st person singular possessive suffix → -(i)m
2nd person singular possessive suffix → -(i)n
3rd person singular possessive suffix → -ı, -i, -u, -ü, -(s)ı, -(s)i, -(s)u, -(s)ü
1st person plural possessive suffix → -(ı)mız, -(i)miz, -(u)muz, -(ü)müz
2nd person plural possessive suffix → -(ı)nız, -(i)niz, -(u)nuz, -(ü)nüz
3rd person plural possessive suffix → -ları, leri
Examples
» (benim-my) defterim
» (senin-your) defterin
» (onun-his) defteri
» (bizim-our) defterimiz
» (sizin-your) defteriniz
» (onların-their) defterleri
» Kalemim kırılmış.
My pen is broken.
» Dün evlerine misafir oldum.
I was a guest at their house yesterday.